Indirect greenhouse gas emissions from purchased electricity, as defined by the GHG Protocol. Location-based Scope 2 uses a regional annual average emission factor, which gridIQ can time-match to the actual grid carbon intensity when electricity was consumed, rewarding organisations that shift load to low-carbon periods. Market-based Scope 2 reflects the electricity an organisation has contracted for, substantiated by retired EAC instruments (such as LGCs or GreenPower) or a PPA; without instruments it is unsubstantiated and equals the location-based figure.